Publications

2026

1. IEEE Xplore

   Risk Management in AI-Driven Sustainable E-Commerce Transformations: A Comprehensive Framework for Digital Business Resilience

   Karan Kumar Ratra, P. Saikia, and L. Nadaf

   In 2026 IEEE 16th Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference (CCWC), 2026

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   This work outlines a framework for risk management in AI-driven sustainable e-commerce programs, with emphasis on digital business resilience, governance, and operational durability. It connects AI adoption, sustainability objectives, and enterprise risk controls within modern commerce platforms.

2025

1. IEEE Xplore

   AI and Generative AI-Driven Automation for Multi-Cloud and Hybrid Cloud Architectures: Enhancing Security, Performance, and Operational Efficiency

   Dhruv Kumar Seth, Karan Kumar Ratra, and Aneeshkumar P. Sundareswaran

   In 2025 IEEE 15th Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference (CCWC), Jan 2025

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   Citations 27

   The emergence of cloud and hybrid cloud structures presents eCommerce firms with the adaptability and robustness needed to manage expansion and varying user requirements effectively. However, this also brings about challenges concerning security enhancements, distribution of workloads, and cost-effectiveness optimization. This research presents a system that leverages AI and Generative AI (Gen AI) to automate and enhance cloud and hybrid infrastructures for eCommerce. The outcome is reduced operational expenses, quicker service rollout, and fewer security breaches.

2. IEEE Xplore

   Energy-Efficient Microservices Architecture for Large-Scale E-Commerce Platforms

   Karan Kumar Ratra, Dhruv Kumar Seth, and Sriram Uppuluri

   In 2025 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech), Apr 2025

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   Citations 11

   The more significant the e-commerce websites are and the greater the number of users and transactions each day, the greater the energy demand, both economically and environmentally. The architecture for energy efficiency without compromising performance or scalability is proposed in this paper as an AI-powered hybrid edge-cloud microservices system. The infrastructure intelligently distributes workloads across edge and cloud nodes using AI to identify traffic trends, dynamically assign resources, and run energy efficiently. The design principles are energy-aware microservices, resource scalability, and real-time energy monitoring. The solution saves on overhead using lightweight containerization and allows for elasticity to change. Testing on the ground has proven the architecture to save energy consumption at high-demand times such as Black Friday or latency-sensitive tasks such as personalized retail offers.

3. IEEE Xplore

   Time-Bound Deferred Authorization in 3DS 2.0: A Novel Approach to Balancing Security and User Experience in E-Commerce Payment Authentication

   Aneeshkumar P., Dhruv Kumar Seth, Karan Kumar Ratra, and 1 more author

   In 2025 IEEE 15th Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference (CCWC), Jan 2025

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   Citations 2

   The growth of online shopping has emphasized the importance of convenient payment systems that safeguard both customers and businesses from activities. While traditional verification techniques serve a purpose, they must often balance security and user satisfaction. This article presents a remedy: Time Limited Deferred Authorization integrated into the 3DS 2. 0 Verification process within the “Submit Order” stage of transactions. This approach boosts security through validation guaranteeing that only approved cardholders can finalize purchases. This method enhances security by providing an additional layer of real-time authentication, ensuring that only authorized cardholders can complete transactions. Compared to existing solutions like CVV, AVS, and tokenization, this approach uniquely combines multifactor authentication with a user-friendly process, reducing friction at checkout. By addressing vulnerabilities associated with traditional methods, this implementation minimizes the risk of chargebacks due to fraud and increases compliance with global payment security regulations. The deferred authorization mechanism adds flexibility to the 3DS process, preserving a seamless user experience while boosting consumer trust. The technical novelty of this solution lies in its ability to dynamically balance robust security measures with optimized transaction flow, making it a crucial advancement in secure, user-friendly e-commerce payment systems.

4. IEEE Xplore

   AI-driven hybrid edge-cloud architecture for real-time big data analytics and scalable communication in retail supply chains

   Karan Kumar Ratra, and Dhruv Kumar Seth

   In SoutheastCon 2025, Jan 2025

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   Citations 9

   This paper presents a hybrid edge-cloud architecture for retail supply chains that combines real-time big data analytics with scalable communication patterns. The work focuses on low-latency processing, resilient distributed coordination, and practical architectural choices for large-scale retail environments.

5. IEEE Xplore

   AI-Enhanced API Gateway: A Unified Framework for Security and Performance for Next Generation Microservices

   Karan Kumar Ratra, D. Kumar, D. Verma, and 1 more author

   In 2025 IEEE 16th Annual Information Technology, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference (IEMCON), Jan 2025

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   This paper proposes an AI-enhanced API gateway framework for next-generation microservices. The architecture focuses on improving security, traffic intelligence, and runtime performance by bringing adaptive controls and smarter policy enforcement into the API management layer.

6. IEEE Xplore

   Designing High-Throughput Event-Driven Architectures for E-Commerce Fulfillment at Global Scale

   Karan Kumar Ratra, Dhruv Kumar Seth, D. Verma, and 1 more author

   In 2025 IEEE 16th Annual Information Technology, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference (IEMCON), Jan 2025

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   This paper examines event-driven architectural patterns for global-scale e-commerce fulfillment systems. The work emphasizes throughput, asynchronous coordination, and scalable platform design for inventory, order orchestration, and fulfillment operations.

7. IEEE Xplore

   Pioneering Change Management Solutions: A Design Approach to AI-Driven Scheduling Systems for Organizational Operational Excellence

   D. Verma, H. Burman, and Karan Kumar Ratra

   In 2025 IEEE International Conference on Advances in Computing Research on Science Engineering and Technology (ACROSET), Jan 2025

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   This paper studies AI-driven scheduling systems as a design response to organizational change-management challenges. It focuses on operational excellence, decision support, and the use of intelligent scheduling to improve coordination inside complex enterprise environments.

8. IEEE Xplore

   From Clicks to Community: Leveraging Social Computing, Data Mining, and Generative AI for Customer Retention and Ecosystem Growth in ECommerce

   Karan Kumar Ratra, Dhruv Kumar Seth, D. Verma, and 1 more author

   In 2025 IEEE International Conference on Advances in Computing Research on Science Engineering and Technology (ACROSET), Jan 2025

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   This paper explores how social computing, data mining, and generative AI can be combined to strengthen customer retention and ecosystem growth in e-commerce. The emphasis is on turning interaction data into durable community-building and long-term engagement strategies.

2024

1. IJCTT

   Unlocking the Power of AI for Shift-Left Testing – A Game Changer in Automation

   Karan Kumar Ratra, Gaurav Sharma, and Dhruv Kumar Seth

   In International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology (IJCTT), Volume 72, Issue 12, December 2024, Nov 2024

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   Citations 1

   This paper explores the paradigm shift in the current software development era by test automation facilitated by artificial intelligence (AI). Integrating testing activities as early in the software development lifecycle as possible is the focus of the shift-left testing culture. This article explores AI-powered developments like automated test creation tools, intelligent prioritization of test cases, real-time anomaly detection and enhanced test reporting with AI integration. The advantages of AI in boosting coverage, cutting defect-related expenses, and increasing testing efficiency are also covered as case studies in this paper, with real-world examples from SaaS and automotive companies. Although there is no denying the advantages of automated AI systems, there are concerns about maintaining data accuracy, preventing biases, and controlling implementation costs. The paper concludes by pointing out the possible ways to use AI-enabled early-stage testing solutions, what, if any, benefits they could offer towards the development of software testing procedures, and why it is essential to include ethical and responsible AI in software testing strategies.

2. IJCTT

   Efficient Deployment and Updating of Features in Load-Balanced Elastic Distributed System

   Dhruv Kumar Seth, and Karan Kumar Ratra

   In International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology (IJCTT), Volume 72, Issue 9, September 2024, Nov 2024

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   Load-balanced elastic distributed systems such as the ones offered by microservice architectures require efficient deployment of new features as well as updates to be stable and performant. This paper aims to identify basic concepts that will help realize these goals, such as Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery (CI/CD), Infrastructure as Code (IaC), and deployment models like the blue/green and canary ones. Feature flags and the zero downtime technique are also discussed with emphasis on their function with regard to the avoidance of service interruptions during updates. Much emphasis is placed on the subject of monitoring and observability of deployments, including feedback and workarounds in real-time. Concerns about security measures and the strategies for improving the performance of the system to support security measures to deploy are presented. Moving forward, newer trends like AI automation, improved observability, and the integration of edge computing are expected to take the deployment process to new heights. The steady improvement of the actual deployment practices themselves is acknowledged as one of the crucial factors in sustaining a competitive edge and securing the durable success of distributed systems in contemporary clouds.

3. IJGIS

   Unified Cloud Governance: Enhancing API Management and Digital Security with Knowledge Graphs

   Rangarajan Lakshminarayanachar, Dhruv Kumar Seth, and Karan Kumar Ratra

   In International Journal of Global Information Systems (IJGIS), Aug 2024

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   In the evolving landscape of cloud computing, effective governance is paramount to managing and securing data across various platforms. APIs have emerged as central to technological advancements in multiple industries, presenting significant governance challenges. This paper explores how a novel system and method for connecting data with non-standardized schemas, alongside the integration of knowledge graphs, can enhance cloud governance. It dives into the comprehensive approach to managing cloud-based ecosystems by leveraging data interoperability solutions, API governance frameworks, and the powerful capabilities of knowledge graphs.

4. IJRASET

   Pattern Play: Advanced API Integration for Cutting-Edge Applications

   Dhruv Kumar Seth Seth, Karan Kumar Ratra, Rangarajan Lakshminarayanachar, and 2 more authors

   In International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology (IJRASET), Volume 12, Issue 7, July 2024, Jul 2024

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   API integration can be regarded as the foundation of the construction of modern software systems with a high level of interaction. In this article, the author goes further into the specifics of complex and sophisticated API integration while at the same time outlining patterns, architectural models, and methods that allow developers to build new-generation solutions. It starts with the fundamentals of APIs; this will look at RESTful and GraphQL, security measures adopted, and how data is managed. The discourse continues to explain design patterns such as Facade, Adapter, proxy, observer, and strategy while explaining how they help create strong and sustainable API integration. In addition, the article presents and discusses the architectural solutions, including microservices, serverless architectures, event-driven architectures, and the API gateway pattern, stressing their roles in defining the scale and performance of systems. Webhooks, real-time data feeds, batch processing, caching techniques, idempotency, and retries are explained in detail to demonstrate the effectiveness of API integrations. It stresses the processes of API versioning, input validation, encryption, and the management of keys that help to strengthen API integrations against threats. Thus, the article concludes with a discussion on performance optimization, testing, and documentation, emphasizing their importance in making and supporting the APIs to operate properly and be used willingly. Thus, this article can be viewed as a practical developerś reference to the critical issues of advanced API integration, which provides the requisite understanding and materials to build highly stable, efficient, and scalable applications.